1) Introduction to Sparkling Wines
Sparkling wines, often associated with celebrations and parties, are far more diverse and complex than one might think. While Champagne is the most famous of these, there are a multitude of sparkling white wines from France, Italy, and other regions around the world , each bringing its own unique characteristics and flavors. In Savoie, local expertise further enriches this diversity with products such as Crémant de Savoie. Let's dive into the world of sparkling wines and discover what sets them apart from Champagne, as well as the unique expertise of Savoie.
2) Differences between Crémant, Champagne and Sparkling or effervescent white wine
Sparkling wines encompass a wide range of wines with bubbles, and while the general term "sparkling" is often used to describe all of these wines, there are important distinctions between crémants, champagne, and sparkling wines . Each of these types of wine has unique characteristics related to their production method, region of origin, and legal requirements.
Champagne
Champagne is arguably the most famous sparkling wine in the world. It takes its name from the Champagne region of France, where it is produced according to very strict regulations. Here are some of the main characteristics of champagne:
- Production Region : Champagne must be produced in the Champagne region of France. This controlled designation of origin (AOC) guarantees that only bottles from this region can be called "champagne."
- Traditional Method : Champagne is produced using the traditional method (or méthode champenoise), which involves a secondary fermentation in the bottle. This complex method contributes to the creation of fine, persistent bubbles.
- Grape varieties : The main grape varieties used in champagne are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier.
- Aging : Champagne must age on its lees for a minimum of 15 months for non-vintage and three years for vintage, although many producers extend this period to enhance the complexity and quality of the wine.
Crémant
Crémant is another type of French sparkling wine, produced outside the Champagne region but using similar methods. Here's what sets crémant apart:
- Production Regions : Crémants can be produced in several French wine regions, such as Burgundy, Alsace, the Loire, and of course, Savoie. Each region brings its own unique characteristics to the wines.
- Traditional Method : Like champagne, crémant is produced using the traditional method, with a secondary fermentation in the bottle. This method also ensures fine bubbles and aromatic complexity.
- Grape Varieties : The grape varieties used vary depending on the production region. For example, Crémant de Bourgogne often uses Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, while Crémant de Savoie may include local grape varieties such as Jacquère and Chardonnay.
- Aging : Crémant must age on lees for at least nine months, which is less than for champagne, but still enough to develop complex aromas.
Sparkling/effervescent
The term "sparkling" is more generic and can refer to a wide range of sparkling wines, produced using different methods and in various regions. Here are some key points about sparkling wines:
- Production Method : Unlike crémants and champagnes, sparkling wines can be produced using a variety of methods. These include the Charmat method (where the secondary fermentation takes place in vats) and the ancestral method (where the wine is bottled before the primary fermentation is complete).
- Production Regions : Sparkling wines can be produced anywhere in the world, without specific regional restrictions.
- Grape varieties : A wide variety of grape varieties can be used to produce sparkling wines, depending on local traditions and the preferences of the winemakers.
- Style and Sweetness : Sparkling wines can vary enormously in style and sweetness, ranging from very dry (brut) to very sweet wines.
Although all these wines share the common characteristic of bubbles, the differences between crémant, champagne, and sparkling wine are significant. Champagne, with its strict production region and traditional method, is often considered the king of sparkling wines. Crémant, produced using similar methods but in other French regions, offers a high-quality alternative. Sparkling wines, with their greater variety of production methods and styles, offer an even wider range of flavors and tasting experiences.
3) Production of Crémant de Savoie from Domaine Berthollier
Winemaking Methods
Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie, particularly Crémant de Savoie L'Alpet, is produced using the traditional method. Since the 2014 harvest, our Traditional Methods, which we have been producing since 1985, have taken the name "Crémant Savoie." The recipe remains the same because our Traditional Methods were already developed according to the stricter specifications for Crémant: notably, the manual picking and sorting of the berries, and the extended aging periods before marketing. This method involves a second fermentation in the bottle, followed by aging on lees to develop complex aromas and a fine mousse. The result is an elegant wine with a beautiful structure and a lingering finish.
Biodynamic Vision
Domaine Berthollier's biodynamic approach plays a crucial role in the production of its sparkling wines. This holistic approach respects the natural cycles of the vine and aims to strengthen the health of the soil and plants. By using biodynamic preparations and following a lunar calendar for vineyard work, the estate strives to create a balanced and sustainable ecosystem. This philosophy results in authentic wines that fully reflect the Savoyard terroir.
Grape Varieties: Jacquère and Chardonnay
Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie is composed of 70% Jacquère and 30% Chardonnay. Jacquère, a grape variety typical of Savoie, brings fresh and fruity aromas, while Chardonnay adds structure and complexity. This harmonious blend of grape varieties creates a balanced and refined wine with fine, persistent bubbles, often described as "the bubbles of our fresh and fruity mountains."
Tasting of Crémant de Savoie L'Alpet
Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie L'Alpet is distinguished by its aromas of green apple, pear, and a light hint of brioche. On the palate, it offers a lively effervescence and refreshing acidity, with a long, elegant finish. This wine is ideal for special occasions, aperitifs, or refined meals. It can be enjoyed as an aperitif or at the end of a meal with sweet dishes such as Savoy cake or fruit salad.
Tasting Tips
To fully appreciate Crémant de Savoie L'Alpet, it is recommended to serve it chilled, between 8 and 10°C. This temperature allows its aromas to reveal themselves and allows you to enjoy the finesse of its bubbles.
4) Types of Sparkling Wines
French Sparkling White Wine a general term
French sparkling white wine comes in many varieties, each with its own unique characteristics. French sparkling wines can be produced in different regions, each terroir bringing a unique touch. These wines are often appreciated for their freshness, balanced acidity, and fruity aromas.
Sparkling White Wine Really Different?
Sparkling white wine is a generic term for sparkling wines that can be produced anywhere in the world. These wines vary in style, from dry to sweet, and can be made from different grape varieties. They are often used for cocktails or celebrations due to their accessible and festive nature.
Italian Sparkling White Wine
Italy is famous for its sparkling white wines, such as Prosecco and Franciacorta. Prosecco, in particular, is known for its light bubbles and fresh apple and pear flavors. Unlike Champagne, it is often produced using the Charmat method, which gives it a lighter, more approachable character.
Italian Sweet Sparkling White Wine
Sweet Italian sparkling white wines, such as Asti Spumante, are prized for their natural sweetness and fruity aromas. They are often enjoyed with dessert or at festive celebrations. Asti, for example, is made from Moscato grapes, which gives it flavors of peach, honey, and white flowers.
5) Savoyard Know-How in Sparkling Wines
Tradition and Innovation
The Savoie region of France is renowned for its winemaking expertise, combining ancestral traditions with modern innovations. Savoyard winemakers have preserved ancient winemaking techniques while adopting modern technologies to enhance the quality and diversity of their wines.
The Savoyard Terroir
Savoie's unique terroir, with its mountains, varied soils, and alpine climate, plays a crucial role in the production of quality sparkling wines. The vines benefit from optimal sunshine and cool temperatures, promoting the slow ripening of the grapes and the preservation of their natural acidity.
6) Focus on the Sparkling Savoie
Features and Flavors
Savoie sparkling wine is a white wine appreciated for its fine, persistent bubbles, as well as its delicate aromas of white fruits, flowers, and sometimes mineral notes. It is often dry, with a lovely liveliness on the palate, making it perfect for aperitifs or light meals.
Food and Wine Pairing
Savoie sparkling wine pairs well with a variety of dishes, including seafood, grilled fish, salads, and local cheeses like Reblochon or Tomme de Savoie. Its freshness and balanced acidity make it an ideal companion for summer meals or festive occasions.
Conclusion
Sparkling wines, whether from Savoie or elsewhere, offer a richness and diversity of flavors that deserve to be explored. Savoyard expertise, in particular, is evident in products like Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie, illustrating a rich and respected winemaking tradition. These wines, with their delicate bubbles and captivating aromas, are perfect for celebrating life's special moments.
FAQs
-
What is the main difference between a sparkling wine and a champagne?
-
The main difference lies in the region of production and the winemaking method. Champagne is produced exclusively in Champagne, France, and follows strict production rules.
-
What characterizes a Savoyard sparkling white wine?
-
A sparkling white Savoyard wine is characterized by its fresh and fruity aromas, its fine bubbles, and a minerality resulting from the unique terroir of Savoy.
-
How does Domaine Berthollier’s Crémant de Savoie stand out?
-
Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie is distinguished by its traditional winemaking method, its complex aromas and its elegant mousse.
-
What dishes go well with a sweet Italian sparkling white wine?
-
Sweet Italian sparkling white wines pair perfectly with desserts, such as fruit tarts, pastries, and ice cream.
-
Why is Savoyard know-how important in the production of sparkling wines?
-
Savoyard know-how is crucial because it combines ancestral winemaking traditions with modern techniques, ensuring high-quality wines of great finesse.
-
What is the biodynamic method and how does it influence wine production?
-
The biodynamic method is an approach to viticulture that respects the natural cycles of the vine and aims to strengthen the health of the soil and plants. It uses biodynamic preparations and follows a lunar calendar, resulting in authentic wines that fully reflect the terroir.
-
What grape varieties are used for Domaine Berthollier Crémant de Savoie?
-
Domaine Berthollier's Crémant de Savoie is made from 70% Jacquère and 30% Chardonnay, bringing freshness, fruitiness and complexity to the wine.
-
Since when has Domaine Berthollier been producing Crémants de Savoie?
-
Since the 2014 harvest, Domaine Berthollier's Traditional Methods have taken the appellation "Crémant Savoie", although the estate has been producing sparkling wines using these methods since 1985.
-
How to best serve Crémant de Savoie for optimal tasting results?
-
It is recommended to serve Crémant de Savoie chilled, between 8 and 10°C, to fully appreciate its aromas and the finesse of its bubbles.
-
What dishes go well with sparkling Savoie wine?
-
Sparkling Savoie wine pairs well with seafood, grilled fish, salads and local cheeses such as Reblochon or Tomme de Savoie.